Module 3: Waterfalls, hot springs and wetlands
Concept
Subtopic 3.1: Waterfalls, hot springs and wetlands
- A waterfall forms when a river falls suddenly from a height over hard rock in the path of a river with soft rock below. Bihar's falls are on the plateau edges.
- Kakolat: Nawada district, about 16 km south of Nawada town; total height about 160 ft (47 m), main fall about 80 ft (24 m).
- Durgawati and Karmanasha falls: Kaimur district (Durgawati fall is about 300 ft). Karmanasha fall is on the Karmanasha river; Phulwaria fall in Buxar.
- Hot springs (jwalkund): water temperature 30–70°C. They come from radioactive and mineral sources deep underground; water contains minerals like salt and sulphur and helps skin diseases.
- Famous: Rajgir (Saptdhara or Satdharwa, Surya Kund, Makhdum Kund, Brahmakund) and Munger (Sita Kund, Rameshwar Kund, Lakshman Kund, Rishi Kund). Lakshman Kund water is hottest, about 62°C.
- Wetlands: water-covered areas known as wetlands; about 57,000 hectares in Bihar, spread across about 16 districts (e.g. Kanwar). They help flood control, keep the groundwater balance and shelter migratory birds.
⭐ Key Points
- Water falls from a height at edges of hard rock.
- Nawada district.
- Kaimur district, on the Durgawati river.
- Between 30 and 70°C.
- Lakshman Kund, Munger.
- They check floods, recharge groundwater and shelter birds.
📌 One-line Q&A
- Question: A waterfall forms when: Answer: A river falls suddenly from a height.
- Question: Kakolat waterfall is in: Answer: Nawada.
- Question: Durgawati waterfall is located in: Answer: Kaimur.
- Question: The temperature of Bihar's hot springs ranges about: Answer: 30–70°C.
- Question: Which kund's water is hottest (about 62°C)? Answer: Lakshman Kund.
- Question: Wetlands are important mainly because they: Answer: Help flood protection and groundwater balance.
Topic
MCQs
Answer this question, then use Next.
Question 1: A waterfall forms when:
Water falls from a height at edges of hard rock.
Question 2: Kakolat waterfall is in:
Nawada district.
Question 3: Durgawati waterfall is located in:
Kaimur district, on the Durgawati river.
Question 4: The temperature of Bihar's hot springs ranges about:
Between 30 and 70°C.
Question 5: Which kund's water is hottest (about 62°C)?
Lakshman Kund, Munger.
Question 6: Wetlands are important mainly because they:
They check floods, recharge groundwater and shelter birds.
Question 1 of 6
One-liners
Write your answer, then submit to see the correct answer.
A waterfall forms when:
A river falls suddenly from a height.Kakolat waterfall is in:
Nawada.Durgawati waterfall is located in:
Kaimur.The temperature of Bihar's hot springs ranges about:
30–70°C.Which kund's water is hottest (about 62°C)?
Lakshman Kund.Wetlands are important mainly because they:
Help flood protection and groundwater balance.
Question 1 of 6