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⚔️ Medieval History Chapter 2: Turkish Inroads & Bakhtiyar Khalji (बिहार में तुर्कों का आगमन)

Module 2: Rise of Bakhtiyar Khalji & Establishment of Turkish Rule

📖 Chapter 2 of 6 🧩 Module 2 of 7 ⏱️ ~2 min read 💡 10 MCQs
Topic Part 1 of 2

Concept

Subtopic 2.1: Lineage, Iqta Assignment & Formal Establishment of Turkish Hegemony

The political destiny of medieval Bihar was irrevocably transformed at the close of the 12th century by Bakhtiyar Khalji:

  • Full Identity: His complete historical name was Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji (इख्तियारूद्दीन मोहम्मद इब्ने बख्तियार खलजी). Belonging to the Khalji tribe of Ghur (southern Afghanistan), he initially sought employment under Sultan Muhammad Ghori and Qutbuddin Aibak.
  • Fiefdom of Bhagwat and Bhiwali: Assigned the military outposts of Bhagwat and Bhiwali (near Mirzapur/Chunar) by the governor of Awadh, Malik Husamuddin, Bakhtiyar used these jagirs as a springboard to stage plundering raids into the unguarded plains of Bihar.
  • The First Muslim Conqueror of Bihar: Bakhtiyar Khalji is universally recognized as the first Muslim conqueror (प्रथम मुस्लिम विजेता) and the founder of Turkish power (तुर्क सत्ता का संस्थापक) in Bihar.
  • Establishment of Turkish Hegemony (1198 CE): Turkish political power was officially inaugurated in Bihar in 1198 CE following his decisive conquest of the Magadha plains. He established the town of Bakhtiyarpur near Patna to memorialize his military achievements.
  • Primary Historical Chronicle: The primary, indispensable eyewitness chronicle for Bakhtiyar's campaigns is the Persian text "Tabaqat-i-Nasiri", composed by Minhaj-i-Siraj Juzjani.
⭐ Key Points
  • Bakhtiyar Khalji was the first Muslim conqueror of Bihar (BPSC 60-62nd).
  • The founder of Turkish power in Bihar was Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji.
  • Turkish dominion in Bihar was established in 1198 CE.
  • Bakhtiyar founded the town of Bakhtiyarpur near Patna.
  • The first authentic account of Bakhtiyar's invasion is found in Tabaqat-i-Nasiri.
📌 One-line Q&A
  • Question: Who was the first Muslim conqueror of Bihar? Answer: Bakhtiyar Khalji.
  • Question: What was the full name of Bakhtiyar Khalji? Answer: Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji.
  • Question: In which year was Turkish authority established in Bihar? Answer: 1198 CE.
  • Question: Which chronicle provides the first detailed record of Bakhtiyar's attack on Bihar? Answer: Tabaqat-i-Nasiri.
Topic
Questions

MCQs

Answer this question, then use Next.

Question 1: Who was the first Muslim conqueror of Bihar? (BPSC 60-62nd)

Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji was the first Muslim conqueror to overrun Bihar.

Question 2: Who was the founder of Turkish authority in Bihar?

The founder of Turkish rule was Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji.

Question 3: In which year was Turkish rule officially established in Bihar?

With the conquest of Odantapuri in 1198 CE, Turkish hegemony was formally founded in Bihar.

Question 4: The earliest historical account of Bakhtiyar Khalji's assault on Bihar is obtained from which text?

Minhaj-i-Siraj Juzjani authored Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, the primary contemporary source for this invasion.

Question 5: Which modern town in Patna district was founded by Bakhtiyar Khalji to commemorate his campaigns?

Bakhtiyarpur town was founded by Bakhtiyar Khalji during his military marches in Magadha.

Question 6: Which jagirs were initially granted to Bakhtiyar Khalji by Malik Husamuddin?

Bakhtiyar Khalji was assigned the jagirs of Bhagwat and Bhiwali (near Chunar) from where he launched raids.

Question 7: The credit for establishing Muslim political hegemony in Bihar belongs to:

Ikhtiyaruddin bin Bakhtiyar Khalji spearheaded the political breakthrough of Islamic power in Bihar.

Question 8: To which ethnic tribal clan did Bakhtiyar Khalji belong?

Bakhtiyar belonged to the Khalji tribe settled in the Garmsir region of southern Afghanistan.

Question 9: What physical peculiarity of Bakhtiyar Khalji is described in Minhaj's Tabaqat-i-Nasiri?

Minhaj noted that Bakhtiyar had remarkably long arms reaching down to his knees while standing erect.

Question 10: Which Delhi viceroy presented Bakhtiyar Khalji with royal robes of honor following his victories in Bihar?

Qutbuddin Aibak received Bakhtiyar in Delhi with great celebration and awarded him an imperial robe of honor.
Question 1 of 10

One-liners

Write your answer, then submit to see the correct answer.

Who was the first Muslim conqueror of Bihar?

Bakhtiyar Khalji.

What was the full name of Bakhtiyar Khalji?

Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji.

In which year was Turkish authority established in Bihar?

1198 CE.

Which chronicle provides the first detailed record of Bakhtiyar's attack on Bihar?

Tabaqat-i-Nasiri.
Question 1 of 4