Mod 5: Allied Sectors — Dairy, Livestock, Fisheries and the Colour Revolutions
4A.5.1 Dairy and livestock — Operation Flood to Gokul Mission
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- School
- Class 10+2
- BPSC
- UPSC
- Explain Operation Flood and the White Revolution.
- Rank the top milk states with the latest data.
- Match breeds to animals.
- Know Rashtriya Gokul Mission and UP’s Nandini Krishak Samriddhi Yojana.
In 1970 India was short of milk. Today it is the world’s largest producer. Which programme turned this around?
Show answer
Operation Flood (1970), run by the National Dairy Development Board under Dr Verghese Kurien — the White Revolution.
A cooperative grid that linked village milk producers to city consumers.
📌 Solves: Q132
CheckQuick check: Operation Flood is related to?
Milk production (White Revolution).
The top four are stable; the middle of the table moves.
| Rank | 2019-20 (ES 2020-21) | 2024-25 (BAHS 2025) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Uttar Pradesh | Uttar Pradesh |
| 2 | Rajasthan | Rajasthan |
| 3 | Madhya Pradesh | Madhya Pradesh |
| 4 | Gujarat | Gujarat |
| 5 | Andhra Pradesh | Maharashtra |
| 6 | Punjab | Punjab |
| 7 | Maharashtra | Andhra Pradesh |
| 8 | Haryana | Karnataka |
| 9 | Bihar | Bihar |
| 10 | Karnataka | Haryana |
📌 Solves: Q133
Exams mix cow, buffalo, goat and sheep breeds. Use this card.
| Breed | Animal | Home tract |
|---|---|---|
| Sahiwal | Cow | Punjab (Montgomery), dairy |
| Gir | Cow | Gujarat |
| Tharparkar | Cow | Rajasthan, Gujarat (Thar) |
| Red Sindhi | Cow | Sindh origin; Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka, TN, Kerala, Odisha |
| Gangatiri | Cow | Eastern UP, Bihar |
| Bhadawari | Buffalo | UP, MP (high fat milk) |
| Murrah | Buffalo | Haryana |
| Jamunapari | Goat | UP (Etawah) |
📌 Solves: Q136
One central mission, one UP scheme.
| Scheme | Key facts |
|---|---|
| Rashtriya Gokul Mission (Dec 2014, Centre) | Develops and conserves indigenous cattle and buffalo breeds scientifically; helps the rural poor because most low-yield indigenous animals belong to small, marginal and landless households → both UPSC 2025 statements true |
| Nandini Krishak Samriddhi Yojana (UP, under Nand Baba Mission) | Units of improved indigenous milch cows — only Sahiwal, Gir, Tharparkar and Gangatiri; beneficiary needs 3 years of cattle-rearing experience (not 1) plus land for the unit and green fodder |
📌 Solves: Q134, Q135
CheckQuick check: How many years of experience does Nandini Krishak Samriddhi Yojana need?
Three years.
Both; buffaloes give a large share, especially in UP, Rajasthan, Haryana and Punjab.
1 markWho is the father of the White Revolution?
Dr Verghese Kurien.
2 marksName two cow breeds and one buffalo breed.
Gir, Sahiwal; Murrah/Bhadawari.
PYQ patternNot correctly matched: (a) Buffalo–Bhadawari (b) Cow–Sindhi (c) Goat–Jamunapari (d) Sheep–Tharparkar
(d).
PrelimsIndia’s milk output in 2024-25 was about (a) 198 MT (b) 248 MT (c) 300 MT (d) 176 MT
(b) 247.87 MT.
Q132 · Q133 · Q136 · Q135 · Q134
Arranged in chronological order of exam year in the Questions panel →
- Visit a dairy cooperative or read an Amul label: find the district union and the federation.
- I can explain Operation Flood.
- I can rank top milk states.
- I can match breeds.
- I know RGM and Nandini scheme conditions.
- Operation Flood 1970, NDDB, Kurien.
- Milk 247.87 MT (2024-25), 485 g/person/day.
- Top: UP 15.66%, Rajasthan 14.82%, MP 9.12%, Gujarat 7.78%.
- Tharparkar = cow; Bhadawari = buffalo; Jamunapari = goat.
- Nandini: 4 breeds, 3 years’ experience.
- Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2025 (DAHD); Economic Survey 2020-21.
- NDDB history; UP Animal Husbandry Department.
- Operation Flood (1970, NDDB) → White Revolution; Verghese Kurien.
- Milk 2024-25: 247.87 MT; UP, Rajasthan, MP, Gujarat, Maharashtra top five.
- Tharparkar = cow breed (not sheep).
- Rashtriya Gokul Mission: indigenous cattle & buffalo.
- Question: Operation Flood relates to? Answer: Milk production.
- Question: Top milk state 2024-25? Answer: Uttar Pradesh (15.66%).
- Question: Bhadawari is a breed of? Answer: Buffalo.
MCQs — previous-year questions in exam-year order
Answer this question, then use Next.
PYQ · Q132 · R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1992; U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
Operation Flood is related to which of the following -
1970, NDDB, Verghese Kurien.
PYQ · Q133 · Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2021
As per Economic Survey 2020-21, arrange the following States in decreasing order of milk production:
ES 2020-21 (2019-20): UP, Rajasthan, MP, Gujarat, AP, Punjab, Maharashtra, Haryana, Bihar, Karnataka. BAHS 2025 (2024-25): UP, Rajasthan, MP, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, AP, Karnataka, Bihar, Haryana.
PYQ · Q136 · U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021
Which of the following is not correctly matched? (Animal - Breed)
Tharparkar = cow (Gujarat, Rajasthan).
PYQ · Q135 · U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2023
Consider the following statements with reference to 'Nandini Krishak Samriddhi Yojana': 1. This scheme includes milch cow breeds of Sahiwal, Gir, Tharparkar and Gangatiri only. 2. Beneficiary must have at least one year of cattle rearing experience.
UP, under Nand Baba Mission; needs 3 years experience.
PYQ · Q134 · I.A.S. (Pre) 2025
Consider the following statements about the Rashtriya Gokul Mission: I. It is important for the upliftment of rural poor as majority of low producing indigenous animals are with small and marginal farmers and landless labourers. II. It was initiated to promote indigenous cattle and buffalo rearing and conservation in a scientific and holistic manner.
One-liners
Write your answer, then submit to see the correct answer.
Operation Flood relates to?
Milk production.Top milk state 2024-25?
Uttar Pradesh (15.66%).Bhadawari is a breed of?
Buffalo.4A.5.2 Fisheries and the Blue Revolution
🏫 School → 🇮🇳 UPSC · NCERT-linked · latest official data
- School
- Class 10+2
- BPSC
- UPSC
- Compare inland vs marine fish output.
- Name the world’s top fish producers.
- Know MPEDA and NFDB.
- Link the Blue Revolution to pisciculture.
Most of India’s fish comes from the sea, rivers or ponds?
Show answer
From inland waters — rivers, reservoirs, tanks and ponds — about three-quarters of the total.
Look how the green (inland) bar grows each year while marine stays flat.
📌 Solves: Q138
One giant, then India.
📌 Solves: Q139
Two bodies, two cities to remember.
| Body | Set up | HQ | Job |
|---|---|---|---|
| MPEDA — Marine Products Export Development Authority | Act of Parliament 1972 (24 Aug 1972; replaced Marine Products Export Promotion Council of 1961) | Kochi, Kerala | Promote marine product exports |
| NFDB — National Fisheries Development Board | 2006 (autonomous) | Hyderabad | Drive the Blue Revolution |
📌 Solves: Q137, Q140, Q141
CheckQuick check: Where is MPEDA headquartered?
Kochi, Kerala.
Mostly: ponds and tanks (aquaculture). Capture fishery takes fish from natural waters.
1 markBlue Revolution is related to?
Fish production (pisciculture).
2 marksCompare inland and marine fish output in 2022-23.
Inland 131.13 lakh t vs marine 44.32 lakh t — inland ≈ 75%.
PYQ patternLargest fish producer in the world? (a) Japan (b) China (c) Russia (d) USA
(b).
PrelimsMPEDA was set up in 1972 and is headquartered in Kolkata. True/False?
First part true, second false (Kochi).
Q138 · Q140 · Q141 · Q139 · Q137
Arranged in chronological order of exam year in the Questions panel →
- Find the nearest reservoir or pond fishery in your district.
- I know inland fish dominates.
- I know China, India, Indonesia shares.
- I know MPEDA (Kochi) and NFDB (Hyderabad).
- 2022-23: 175.45 lakh t (inland 131.13, marine 44.32).
- 2024-25: 197.75 lakh t.
- World: China 36%, India 8%, Indonesia 7% (2022).
- MPEDA 1972 Kochi; NFDB 2006 Hyderabad.
- Blue Revolution = pisciculture.
- Handbook on Fisheries Statistics 2023; Ministry of Fisheries statement (Jan 2026).
- FAO SOFIA 2024.
- Inland fisheries ≈ 75% of fish output (2022-23).
- Fish production 197.75 lakh t (2024-25).
- China 36%, India 8% of world aquatic production (2022).
- MPEDA: 1972, Kochi; NFDB: 2006, Hyderabad.
- Question: Blue Revolution relates to? Answer: Fish production.
- Question: HQ of MPEDA? Answer: Kochi.
- Question: Most important fishery in India? Answer: Natural inland fishery.
MCQs — previous-year questions in exam-year order
Answer this question, then use Next.
PYQ · Q138 · 40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995
The most important fish industry in India is:
Handbook on Fisheries Statistics 2023 (lakh t) marine/inland/total: 2018-19 38.53/97.20/135.73; 2019-20 37.27/104.37/141.64; 2020-21 34.76/112.49/147.25; 2021-22 41.27/121.21/162.48; 2022-23 44.32/131.13/175.45.
PYQ · Q140 · U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997
The 'blue revolution' is related with:
NFDB 2006 Hyderabad.
PYQ · Q141 · Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
Among the followings which one is related to Blue Revolution in India?
PYQ · Q139 · U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021
Which of the following countries is the largest producer of fish in the world?
SOFIA 2024: China 36% (2022), India 8%, Indonesia 7%.
PYQ · Q137 · U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2023
With reference to the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), which of the following statement/s is/are correct? 1. MPEDA was established in 1972. 2. It is headquartered in Kolkata.
Act of Parliament 1972 (24 Aug 1972, from MPEPC 1961); HQ Kochi.
One-liners
Write your answer, then submit to see the correct answer.
Blue Revolution relates to?
Fish production.HQ of MPEDA?
Kochi.Most important fishery in India?
Natural inland fishery.4A.5.3 The colour revolutions, silk and sugar
🏫 School → 🇮🇳 UPSC · NCERT-linked · latest official data
- School
- Class 10+2
- BPSC
- UPSC
- Match every colour revolution to its product.
- Name India’s five commercial silks and the top mulberry state.
- Know world ranks in silk and sugar.
Grey, pink, silver, golden, black — guess what each colour stands for before you read.
Show answer
Grey = fertilisers; pink = onions (also prawns/meat in some lists); silver = eggs; golden = horticulture & honey; black = petroleum.
Flip each tile, say the answer aloud, then check.
Green
White
Blue
Yellow
Grey
Pink
Silver
Red
Golden
Black
Brown
Round
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q142 Black revolution | Crude oil production (“black gold”) |
| Q145 Grey–Pink–Silver–Red | A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2 → (b) |
| Q146 Grey revolution | Fertilisers |
| Q147 Golden–Grey–Yellow–Black | A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 → (c) |
📌 Solves: Q142, Q145, Q146, Q147
India is the only country producing all five commercial silks.
| Silk | Silkworm food plant | Main region |
|---|---|---|
| Mulberry | Mulberry | Karnataka, AP, TN, WB |
| Tropical tasar | Arjun, asan | Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha |
| Oak tasar | Oak | Sub-Himalaya (Manipur, Uttarakhand) |
| Eri | Castor | Assam, NE |
| Muga | Som, soalu | Assam (golden silk) |
- Karnataka
- Andhra Pradesh
- Tamil Nadu
- West Bengal
Karnataka > Andhra Pradesh > Tamil Nadu > West Bengal. India is the world’s 2nd largest silk producer after China.
📌 Solves: Q85, Q86, Q87
The answer changed after 2021-22.
Different sources use it differently; the exam options decide. In BPSC 2022 it was onion.
1 markSilver revolution is linked to?
Eggs.
2 marksName the five commercial silks.
Mulberry, tropical tasar, oak tasar, eri, muga.
PYQ patternGrey revolution relates to: (a) Fisheries (b) Fertilisers (c) Oilseeds (d) Potatoes
(b).
PrelimsIndia is the only country producing all five commercial silks. True?
True.
Q86 · Q142 · Q85 · Q87 · Q145 · Q147 · Q146
Arranged in chronological order of exam year in the Questions panel →
- Draw a colour wheel with 12 revolutions.
- I can match 10+ colour revolutions.
- I know five silks and Karnataka’s lead.
- I know Brazil leads sugar now.
- Green–grain, White–milk, Blue–fish, Yellow–oilseed.
- Grey–fertiliser, Pink–onion, Silver–eggs, Red–tomato/meat, Golden–horticulture/honey, Black–petroleum.
- Five silks; Karnataka top mulberry; China top silk.
- Sugar: Brazil 24%, India 16% (2025-26).
- Central Silk Board; USDA Sugar: World Markets and Trade (May 2026).
- Black revolution = crude oil; grey = fertilisers; silver = eggs; golden = horticulture & honey.
- India only country producing all five commercial silks; 2nd after China.
- Mulberry silk: Karnataka > AP > TN > WB (2024-25).
- Brazil largest sugar producer (2023-24 to 2025-26).
- Question: Black revolution relates to? Answer: Crude oil production.
- Question: Leading mulberry silk state? Answer: Karnataka.
- Question: Largest silk producer in the world? Answer: China.
MCQs — previous-year questions in exam-year order
Answer this question, then use Next.
PYQ · Q86 · I.A.S. (Pre) 2005
Consider the following statements: 1. India is the only country in the world producing all the five known commercial varieties of silk. 2. India is the largest producer of sugar in the world. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Mulberry, tropical tasar, oak tasar, eri, muga. India second in silk after China. USDA May 2026: Brazil largest sugar producer 2023-24, 2024-25, 2025-26 (24% share); India 2nd (16%). India largest in 2021-22.
PYQ · Q142 · 60th-62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016
Black revolution is related to the:
Blue-fish; White-milk; Red-meat/tomato; Green-foodgrains; Yellow-oilseeds.
PYQ · Q85 · U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
The leading mulberry silk producing Indian State is:
2024-25: Karnataka, AP, TN, WB.
PYQ · Q87 · 64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018
The country, which is the largest silk producer in the world, is:
See Q86.
PYQ · Q145 · 68th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2022
Match List-I with List-II: A. Grey Revolution B. Pink Revolution C. Silver Revolution D. Red Revolution — 1. Onion production 2. Tomato and meat production 3. Production of eggs 4. Fertilizers
PYQ · Q147 · U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2022
Match List-I (Revolution) with List-II: A. Golden Revolution B. Grey Revolution C. Yellow Revolution D. Black Revolution — 1. Oilseed production 2. Horticulture and Honey 3. Petroleum production 4. Fertilizers
PYQ · Q146 · 70th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2024
Grey revolution is related to:
One-liners
Write your answer, then submit to see the correct answer.
Black revolution relates to?
Crude oil production.Leading mulberry silk state?
Karnataka.Largest silk producer in the world?
China.